PPE3: understanding the challenges of the new French energy strategy

The Multiannual Energy Program (PPE) was established in 2015 to support the energy transition. It is a planning tool over a 10-year period, used to define the major directions of the energy system.
Today, PPE3 takes over from PPE2 (in force until 2028), initially marked by a desire to reduce nuclear power. This transition creates some overlap between the two programs, in an energy context undergoing major change.

 

• The objectives of PPE3 are multiple:

– Limit the increase in negative SPOT prices linked to the rise of renewable energy
– Reduce tensions on security of supply
– Accelerate the electrification of uses
– Take budget constraints into account

The challenge is clear: ensure the availability of nuclear power while continuing the development of renewable energy.

• In concrete terms, this translates into:

– The development of offshore wind from 1.5 GW in 2025 to 15 GW by 2035 (prioritizing repowering)

– A strong increase in solar power: from 30 GW in 2025 to 55–80 GW by 2035

– The development of onshore wind: from 24 GW in 2025 to 35–40 GW (including 10 projects already underway) by 2035

– More limited growth in hydropower: +2.8 GW by 2035

Note: solar production becomes very significant in the afternoon, and shifting off-peak hours now allows better use of this lower-cost energy and helps limit negative price periods.

• On the usage side:

– 20% reduction in gas boilers by 2030

– Acceleration of electrification (heating, mobility, etc.)

– Development of storage (batteries, pumped-storage hydro)

• Expected result:

– A 27% decrease in energy consumption by 2035 compared to 2023.

• Conclusion:
  PPE3 illustrates a balanced approach between energy security, ecological transition, and economic realism. A structuring direction for building a more resilient and sustainable energy system.